Our model framework can be extended to other infectious diseases in areas that have experienced chronic conflict and. A country of paradoxes, it is a land rich in natural resources, but its people are among the poorest in the world. Since the late 19th century, congos vast natural resources have continually attracted violent intervention from abroad and stoked internal conflicts. Using conflict data, ethnographic appraisal, and a mathematical model, we provide a descriptive timeline of the events during the ongoing ebola. In the wake of the 1994 rwandan genocide in which 800,000 tutsis and moderate hutus were killed, millions of rwandan refugees flooded into the eastern democratic republic of congo. The history of conflict in the drc remains a driving factor of the current. Learn about sources of continued violence in the democratic republic of congo and how the united nations, african union, and neighboring countries are struggling to curtail it. This document is also available in pdf format on the website. Center for civilians in conflict democratic republic of congo. Joint evaluation of conflict prevention and peace building in the democratic republic of congo synthesis report legal registration. Issues around the classification of armed conflicts in the drc. Between 1998 and 2003, the second congo war pitted angola, the drc, namibia, and. The exacerbation of ebola outbreaks by conflict in the. Nov 20, 2012 the democratic republic of congo is slowly recovering from a conflict known as africas first world war, which led to the loss of some five million lives between 1994 and 2003, but many eastern.
Structural causes of conflict in democratic republic of congo. The role of multinational corporations in the democratic. Congooubanguisangha basin cicos and the nile basin initiative nbi. Child labor in mines is one of the worst forms of child labor in the world. Background and current developments congressional research service 1 recent developments in february 2011, the congolese government formally charged one senior military officer and 10 soldiers of mass rape in the town of fizi, in. Situated at the heart of africa, the democratic republic of congo drc is gradually emerging from a prolonged period of violence and instability. The who country health profile of democratic republic of the congo provides key statistics and links to health topical databases, plus news, features and bulletin journal articles on the health issues of the country. Democratic republic of congo 2018 conflict risk diagnostic.
University of kinshasa, university of kisangani, university of lubumbashi and spiez laboratory switzerland. Conflicts in the democratic republic of congo united nations. The state and conflict in the democratic republic of the congo. Since the 2002 peace accords, the democratic republic of the congo drc has been emerging from a long period of state decline and protracted crisis, the roots of which go back to at least the mid1970s. Past, present, and conflict in rwanda and the eastern democratic republic of congo volume 58 issue 3 gillian mathys. Sadc interventions in the democratic republic of the congo. Jul 25, 2019 english news and press release on democratic republic of the congo about health, protection and human rights, idps and epidemic. The democratic republic of the congo roots of the crisis the crisis in the democratic republic of the congo, or drc, has many layers.
Understanding the conflict in congo observer research foundation. Identification of arms sources found in the conflict in drc. The democratic republic of congo is slowly recovering from a conflict known as africas first world war, which led to the loss of some five million. Today most of the country is at peace and experiencing a burst of economic rebound activity. The democratic republic of the congo page 2 context the democratic republic of the congo is the third largest country by area in africa, at 2. Joint evaluation of conflict prevention and peace building in. Increasingly, african leaders are realising that the intervention of western actors is often determined by western priorities, which currently seem to be stretched due to the focus on countering violent. Economically, conflict is driven by the government, rebel groups, and external actors for control over congos vast natural resource wealth, including some of the worlds largest strategic mineral reserves. Postindependence, under president mobutu, entrenched corruption through the 1970s and 80s caused the country to splinter into city states, some with no formal justice system. English assessment on democratic republic of the congo and 2 other countries about peacekeeping and peacebuilding, protection and human rights, idps and refugees. Insecurity and violence against civilians in the democratic republic of congo drc is on the rise as the countrys president, joseph kabila, delays national elections and his commitment to step down from power. Investigating the causes of conflict in democratic republic of congo drc location of the d r congo background. Conflict minerals child labor problem companies sourcing tin, tantalum, and tungsten from the democratic republic of the congo need to be concerned with more than just conflict minerals. Democratic republic of the congo, south sudan, sri lanka and the syrian arab republic, occurring primarily in villages.
To answer this question this paper discusses the complexity of causes behind the conflict and the. Democratic republic of congo drc background in 1960, the drc gained independence from king leopold ii and belgium after nationalist uprisings in now called kinshasa. Pdf the state and conflict in the democratic republic of. Furthermore, the multifaceted nature of the conflict events during an epidemic is yet to be characterized. Causes, impact and implications for the great lakes region the democratic republic of congo is recovering from conflicts, posting substantial improvement in overall macroeconomic performance since the cessation of the. The united states responded to the situation in the democratic republic of the congo by enacting section 1502. Dynamics of conflict and forced migration in the democratic. This report evaluates the links between coltan trade and violence in the east of the democratic republic of congo drc and examines the potential for recent legislation to break such links and.
Causes, impact and implications for the great lakes region. This paper will unpack the nature of the state in the democratic republic of the congo d. The population is around 70 million, making it the most populous. Background and current developments congressional research service 1 recent developments in february 2011, the congolese government formally charged one senior military officer and 10 soldiers of mass rape in the town of fizi, in the eastern province of south kivu.
The conflict in the democratic republic of congo drc has claimed more than 5. Conflict minerals and the democratic republic of the congo. The democratic republic of the congo drc is located in central subsaharan africa, bordered to the northwest by the republic of the congo, to the north by the central african republic, to the northeast by south sudan, to the east by uganda, rwanda and burundi, and by tanzania across lake tanganyika, to the south and southeast by zambia, to. We quantified the unrest preceding a conflict event and its subsequent impact on control activities to demonstrate how conflict events are contributing to the persistence of the epidemic. Pdf this essay analyzes the role of insurgent groups in the antikabila civil war in the congo.
The synthesis for policy makers is based on the main report, the democratic republic of the congo postconflict environmental assessment. Congo oubanguisangha basin cicos and the nile basin initiative nbi. The study is based on the political, economic and social structures that the drc society is structured, the study applies structural theoretical framework. Coltan and conflict in the democratic republic of congo dena montague t he current war in the democratic republic of congo drc has brought unspeakable devastation upon its people. The who country health profile of democratic republic of the congo provides key statistics and links to health topical databases, plus news, features and bulletin journal articles on. In february 2008, congolese authorities arrested and later transferred to icc custody mathieu ngudjolo chui, former chief of staff of the front for national integration fni. Conflict analysis summary democratic republic of the. English news and press release on democratic republic of the congo about health, protection and human rights, idps and epidemic. Background and current developments congressional research service 5. The democratic republic of congo is slowly recovering from a conflict known as africas first world war, which led to the loss of some five million lives between 1994 and 2003, but many eastern areas are still plagued by violence as various rebel groups continue to operate there. Democratic republic of congo is an enormous country, similar in size to western europe, and riddled with war. Voters popularly elect the president and the lower house of. This conflict is played out primarily in congos eastern provinces and southern katanga province. The democratic republic of congos drc size is nearly that of western europe.
The study is based on the political, economic and social. Congolese soldiers from the armed forces of the democratic republic of congo fardc rest in the forest after the army took control of an allied democratic forces adf rebel camp near the town of. Zimbabwe against rwanda, uganda, and its new congolese allies. With approximately 73,000 people dying monthly1, the death toll is rapidly approaching four million in three years of war.
Democratic republic of congo drc since the early 2000s, when africas world wara conflict that drew in multiple neighboring countries and reportedly caused millions of deaths drew to a close. Conflict minerals and the democratic republic of congo. Conflict minerals from the democratic republic of the congo tin processing plants, a critical part of the tin supply chain. Nov 26, 2019 furthermore, the multifaceted nature of the conflict events during an epidemic is yet to be characterized. Structural causes of conflict in democratic republic of. Postindependence, under president mobutu, entrenched corruption through the 1970s and 80s caused the country to splinter. Joint evaluation of conflict prevention and peace building. The newly independent congo quickly became plagued with scandal, corruption, and civil conflict. In 1960, the drc gained independence from king leopold ii and belgium after nationalist uprisings in now called kinshasa. Violence in the democratic republic of congo global.
The impact of conflict in the democratic republic of congo. Global witness on the democratic republic of congo london, uk. The democratic republic of congo is recovering from conflicts, posting substantial improvement in overall macroeconomic performance since the cessation of the war, on the back of robust copper and cobalt exports. Jun 07, 2010 conflict minerals child labor problem companies sourcing tin, tantalum, and tungsten from the democratic republic of the congo need to be concerned with more than just conflict minerals.
Starting with the time of imperialism in the 1870s until now, the natural wealth of the congo seems only to decimate its economic growth and political stability. Mobutus kleptocratic and autocratic rule impoverished the nation, but the war that led. The democratic republic of the congo drc, the secondlargest country in africa, has been mired in conflict for decades. Securities and exchange commission sec, is a broad term that means tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold, regardless of whether these minerals finance conflict in the democratic republic of the congo drc or adjoining countries. Report of the panel of experts on the illegal exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the democratic republic of the congo is a report in pdf format from the united nations security council, detailing the illegal exploitation by countries and corporations. However, the democratic republic of the congo is receiving this assessment because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Conflict minerals from the democratic republic of the congo. The synthesis for policy makers is based on the main report, the democratic republic of the congo post conflict environmental assessment. Democratic republic of the congo is taking place at an alarming rate in two phases.
The congo is situated at the heart of the westcentral portion of subsaharan africa. Conflict analysis summary democratic republic of the congo. Democratic republic of the congo 2018 human rights report executive summary the democratic republic of the congo drc is a nominally centralized constitutional republic. Geological survey usgs analyzes mineral and metal supply chains to identify and describe major. Voters popularly elect the president and the lower house of parliament national assembly. Conflict profile since its period of colonial rule 19081960, dr congo has repeatedly suffered conflict. The democratic republic of the congo enough project. Causes, impact and implications for the great lakes region executive summary the democratic republic of congo is recovering from conflicts, posting substantial improve ment in overall macroeconomic performance since the cessation of the war, on the back of robust copper and cobalt exports.
Forces of the democratic republic of the congo was removed from the uns list of state armed forces that use child soldiers. The impact of conflict in the democratic republic of congo on. Peace agreement between the governments of the republic of rwanda and the democratic republic of the congo on the withdrawal of the rwandan troops from the territory of the democratic republic of the congo and the dismantling of the exfar and interahamwe forces in the democratic republic of the congo drc, available at. What is the main cause of the conflict in the democratic.
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